Napoleonic - Trafalgar and Waterloo etc


May 5th 2021.

200 years ago today Napoleon died in exile on St Helena.
He is remembered today in Sapcote.
The 100 gun imperial salute has made it onto The Napoleonic Wars forum.
I will be cooking Chicken Marengo tonight.

Vive L'Empereur!!!

Tonight's drinks.

Table decorations.

Suitable dress for today.

Happier days. Napoleon reviews The Garde.


October 25th 2020.

The 208th anniversary of the Battle of Villamuriel 25th October 1812.
A rearguard action during the British retreat from Burgos.
The 5th British Division and a Brigade of Spanish infantry were attacked by the French 5th Division with a Brigade of Light Cavalry attached.
An ideal action for the Division level Portable Napoleonic Wargame rules.
I was inspired by Garry Wills's new book 'Wellington at Bay', a very, very detailed account of the action with a chapter [with 3 senarios] on wargaming it.



Scenario 3.  The British counter attack.


Scenario 2. The main French attack.


Scenario 1.  The initial French attack.  British positions above and the arrival of the French below.



August 15th 2020.

Napoleon's 251st Birthday.
Celebrated in style this year with a 100 gun imperial salute.
Those gunners did work hard.

Vive L'Empereur!!!






The Siege of Toulon 1793.

Napoleon's first victory.
226th anniversary.

General O'Hara's story.
In the early part of the siege.
During his career O'Hara personally surrendered to both
George Washington at Yorktown in 1781 and Napoleon Bonaparte at Toulon.

Major General O'Hara is captured. 30th November 1793.


 The taking for Fort Mulgrave.
In the final part of the siege.

The French assault on Fort Mulgrave.
18th December 1793.

Napoleon leading the charge.






September 15th 2019
225th anniversary of the battle of Boxtel 1794.

Wellington's first battle. 


The Guards fall back followed by the 199th Demi Brigade.


Wellington looks on as the 33rd fire on the 8th Hussards

The 42nd cover the Light Dragoons final retreat as the French 3/30th Light close in with the 8th Hussards and 199th Demi Brigade.





Napoleon's 250th birthday celebrations in Sapcote.
15th August 2019.


A 250 gun salute followed by an excellent 3 course meal, chicken Marengo of course!!










Friday, November 4, 2016

The Leeson's at Waterloo.

Henry Leeson


Rank - Driver
Battery – Lt Col Ross’s “A” Troop (The Chestnut Troop).
Regiment – Royal Horse Artillery
Division – Reserve artillery
Corps – The Reserve Corps
Fate – Discharged by June 1816 and living in Newark, Nottinghamshire

‘A’ Troop, Royal Horse Artillery.
‘A’ Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, was raised at Woolwich on 1 January 1793. 
1809:July – to Peninsula; retreat from Talavera
1810:Almeida; Coa; Bussaco
1811:Pombal; Redinha; Cazal Nova; Foz d’Aronce; Sabugal; Fuentes d’Onoro; Mortagoa
1812:Ciudad Rodrigo; Badajoz; Salamanca forts; Castrejou; Salamanca; Huebra
1813:Advance on Vittoria; Burgos; Osmo; Vittoria; pampeluna; Pyrenees; San Marcos; La Rhune; Nivelle; Nive; St Pierre de Grube
1814:Gave d’Oleron; Orthez; La Reole
1815:Waterloo; Paris

Horsed from the outset exclusively with chestnut horses, it was Lord Wellington who asked as to the whereabouts of “The Chestnut Troop” during the Battle of Waterloo and after that, the name stuck.
As the senior Battery within the whole of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, it takes position at the Right of the Line on parade.
‘A’ Troop was raised as the first fully self-contained and fully mounted unit equipped with at first four, then later six, six-pounder guns.  The Troop first saw action in the Irish Rebellion in 1798 and then in the Netherlands in 1799.  In 1806 Captain Hew Ross assumed command of the Troop.  His tenure lasted for an unrivalled period of 19 years, through campaigns in Spain, Portugal, Southern France and at Waterloo.  Captain Ross went on to be knighted and become the first ever Gunner Field Marshal.  The Troop fought in the Peninsula War from 1809 onwards as an integral part of Craufurd’s famous Light Division.
By Waterloo, the battery had been re-equipped with five nine-pounder guns and one 5.5” howitzer.  Each pulled by an eight horse team, these were the heaviest Horse batteries in the world at the time and the envy of all Europe.
Not at the battle of Quatre Bras on the 16th June.
Well up to strength, the battery mustered 180 all ranks at the battle and about 220 horses and it suffered casualties of 13 all ranks [8%].  Positioned in the centre of the front line, virtually on the crossroads near Wellington’s elm tree, from the start of the battle, the battery was in action all day.  After the fall of La Haie Sainte in the early evening, it was moved 150yds west and engaged the Imperial Guard in Napoleon’s final attack.  By this stage only three guns could be moved.

Was not part of the Allied Army of Occupation in France so presumably returned to England.

Robert Leeson

Rank - Gunner
Battery – Lt Col James Webber-Smith’s “F” Troop.
Regiment – Royal Horse Artillery
Corps – The Cavalry Corps
Attached to Grants’[5th] Hussar Brigade
Fate – Still serving with the battery in June 1816.

‘F’ Troop, Royal Horse Artillery.
1794:1st November – E & F Troops formed at Woolwich

1813:To Peninsula; Vittoria; San Sebastian; Bidassoa; Nive
1814:Bayonne
1815:Waterloo; Paris.
Quartered west of Ninove.
Not at the battle of Quatre Bras on the 16th June.
During the retreat of 17th June, they were in the left hand column, protecting that flank of the army as it fell back to the Waterloo position.
The battery was equipped with five light six-pounder guns and one light 5.5” howitzer, each pulled by an eight horse team.
Well up to strength, the battery mustered 170 all ranks at the battle and it suffered casualties of 23 other ranks [13%].
Initially positioned on the extreme right, over looking Hougoumont, it supported the defenders in the early attacks.  During the afternoon it moved to the centre of the front line [next to Mercer’s battery] and was heavily engaged for the rest of the day.  It was repeatedly charged by Guard cavalry during the massed cavalry charges and helped repel the final attacks of the Old Guard.
Was not part of the Allied Army of Occupation in France so presumably returned to England.

RHA Gunner       RHA Driver

Jos[ep]h Leeson

Rank - Private
No:4 Troop – Captain Houston Wallace’s
No:1 [Right Hand] Squadron – Senior Captain Samson Stawell
Regiment – 12th Light Dragoons (Prince of Wales’s)
Brigade – 4th (Vandeleur’s)
Corps – The Cavalry Corps
Fate – Still serving with the regiment in June 1816 as part of the Army of Occupation in and around Paris.  Was part of the new 2nd Cavalry Brigade.

From Muster Roll 1/4/15 – 24/6/15.
Pte Josh Leeson, of No:8 Troop, at Desvres, France.

12th Light Dragoons.

Also a regiment of Peninsular veterans.  Embarked from Ramsgate and landed at Ostend [3/4/1815] and then marched to Renaix [8/4/1815].
Quartered at Meerbeke.
Not at the battle of Quatre Bras on the 16th June.
During the retreat of 17th June, they were in the right hand column, protecting that flank of the army as it fell back to the Waterloo position.
Well up to strength, the regiment mustered 26 officers and 401 men in 3 squadrons each of two Troops at the battle.  It suffered casualties of, 5 officers and 106 men [26%].  Theonly other officer in his Troop, Cornet John Eliott-Lockhart, was killed.
Positioned on the extreme left of Wellington’s line.  Covered the retreat of the Scots Greys and charged Pegot’s Brigade of Durutte’s Division and the French lancers.
As the Prussians arrived on that flank in the evening all the light cavalry could be moved to support the centre after the massed French cavalry charges and before the final attack of the Imperial Guard.
With the other light cavalry they lead the final advance and charged not only a square of the Imperial Guard but also cuirassiers and artillery taking over 3,000 prisoners.
Formed part of the Allied Army of Occupation in France until 1818.

12th Light Dragoons

James Leeson

Rank - Sergeant
Company – Cpt Robert Erskine’s No:4 
Battalion – 1st
Regiment – 4th (Kings Own)
Brigade – 10th (Lambert’s)
Division – 6th (Cole’s)
Corps – The Reserve Corps
Fate – Deserted by June 1816. 

He was 1 of 5 men who had deserted by June 1816 [whilst part of the Army of Occupation in Paris and later Calais], who’s Waterloo medals were returned to London.

Notes. 
1/.  Sgt William Lawrence [40th] also at Waterloo, was 25 and had served for 10 years.
2/.  Cpt R Erskine was present at the battle of Corunna, 1809.  Ship wrecked in 1810 he was a POW until 1814.  He was not present at Waterloo, he was recovering as he was severely wounded at the battle of New Orleans 8/1/1815.  Where the British were roundly defeated with the 4th suffering the loss of half their number. Soon after this they sailed home.

From a Muster Roll of 24/3/15 – 24/5/15.
Cpl James Leeson.  No:1 [Grenadier] Coy.  In North America and on ship.  To Serjeant 25/5/15.
This document also shows he had done less than 7 years service in 1815 [so he joined after 1808].
There are no pay list records of him being with the 1st or 2nd Bns during the Salamanca/Burgos/Villamuriel campaign of 1812.
There is no record of him being tried for desertion or being absent, so it looks like he was never caught.
There is no record of him getting the MGSM in 1848.

So I conclude he joined the 2nd Bn from the Militia in 1813 after it was reduced and sent home from Spain at the end of 1812.  Then, as a trained man, he was sent out to join the 1st as part of a draft.


History of 1st Battalion 4th Regiment of Foot.
1808:Colchester; 28 April – to Gothenburg, Sweden; to Peninsula; 25 August – disembarked Madeira
1809:CORUNNA; 31 January – disembarked England; Colchester; 700 recruits joined from militia; 16 July – to Walcheren; 16 September – disembarked Harwich; Colchester
1810:24 October – to Peninsula
1811:Fuentes d’Onoro
1812:BADAJOZ; SALAMANCA, Burgos, Villamuriel. 24/12 recruits join from 2/4th.
1813:Burgos; VITTORIA; SAN SEBASTIAN; Pyrenees; Nivelle; NIVE;
1814:Bayonne; 29 May – embarked at Garonne; 2/6/14 from Pasage to Bermuda landed 24 July
Bermuda; east coast USA; Patuxent River; BLADENSBURG; outskirts of Washington; North Point; 31 October – disembarked in West Indies; December - to Louisiana
1815:


1816:
New Orleans; Fort Bowyer; Mobile; Land 18 May at Deal recruits from 2/4th join. Leave England; 12 June – to Ostend; WATERLOO; Paris on 7 July; Army of Occupation.  Recruits from 2/4th.
Jan in Calais area.  Aug in St Ormer.
1818:30 October - returned home to Deal.


History of 2nd Battalion 4th Regiment of Foot.
1812:  Join Wellington's army 14 May.  Salamanca, Burgos, Villamuriel.  24 Dec recruits to 1st Bn cadre home.
1813:  Recruit from the Militia.
1814:  Home.
1815:  24 Dec recruits to 1st Bn and disbanded at Deal.


The 1/4th were a battalion of Peninsular veterans, who had also just returned from the short war in America.  Regiments, proud of themselves, liked to swank a bit, marching into their battle positions, “the 4th, a battalion of Peninsular veterans, marched onto the field of Waterloo with their band playing and colours flying”, [Siborne p393].
Slightly under strength the regiment mustered 27 officers and 643 men at the battle. 
Ten companies strong it suffered casualties of, 9 officers and 125 men [20%].
Not at the battle of Quatre Bras on the 16th June as they were still on a 50 mile forced march from their quarters at Ghent.
Initially held in reserve but then moved forward to the crossroads in the centre of the front line.

Formed part of the Allied Army of Occupation in France until 1818.  Was part of the  new 4thBrigade in the new 2nd Division.

The company commanders at Waterloo were:
Gr        Kippings
1          Shaw
2          Anwyls
3          John Wynn Fletcher [Severely Wounded New Orleans]
4          Robert Erskine [SW N-O]
5          David S Craig [W N-O]
6          E S Kirwan
7          C J Edgell
8          G D Wilson
Li         Wood

From W. Siborne’s History.  Present at Waterloo.
George D. Wilson
Charles J. Edgell
William L. Wood
John W. Fletcher
Henry T. Shaw
Robert Erskine
David S. Craig
Euseby S.Kirwan
John Browne [promoted 25 May 1815 – reported as Lieutenant in return of wounded]

Army List 1814

Army List 1816

1st Bn/4th Foot



Tuesday, October 25, 2016

James Leeson at Trafalgar.


There was only one Leeson at Trafalgar.

James Leeson
Rank: Able Seaman
Place of birth: Dublin
Age at battle: 34 years old [born 1771]

Ship: HMS Defence (3rd rate)
Guns - 74
Constructed at – Plymouth in 1763 [42 years old in 1805].
Crew - 550
Killed in the battle - 7
Injured in the battle – 27
Ship Commander - Capt George Hope


HMS Defence


HMS Defence was built at Plymouth and launched in 1763 and was over forty years old by the time of the Battle of Trafalgar. Although one of the smaller two deck 74 gun ships she had a highly distinguished record and a long list of battle honours to her credit. In the War of American Independence she took part in the Moonlight Battle off the coast of Spain, served off the North American coast and also had a spell of duty in the Indian Ocean. After war commenced with France, Defence fought in the battles of the Glorious First of June 1794, the Nile 1798 and Copenhagen 1801 as well as taking part in other actions, and at Trafalgar was stationed in Admiral Collingwood’s line astern of HMS Thunderer.
Before rejoining the fleet on the 21st October, Defence was part of the squadron supporting the frigates close to Cadiz, and formed part of the chain of ships that signalled one to another to report that the French and Spanish ships were sailing under the command of Admiral Villeneuve.  Her signal officer, Midshipman Huskisson, thought ‘that Defence was the finest sailor in the fleet’, and shared the cockpit with ‘messmates (who) were most of them from Scotland and good humoured, pleasant young men’. Captain Hope also had Scottish connections, being the grandson of the Earl of Hopetown.
Being almost last in the line it was after 2 p.m. before Defence joined the battle, and engaged the French Berwick (74 guns ) previously a British ship captured by the French in 1795. Huskisson described how in less than an hour’ her mizen mast was over the side, her main and foremasts faltering and her fire had become very languid’. Berwick broke off the engagement and Defence then took on the Spanish San Ildefonso (74 guns), which had already been damaged in fighting with other ships. After a fierce action lasting less than an hour the Spanish ship struck her flag, and boats were sent to take possession and bring back her commander - a Spanish Commodore, Don Jose de Varga. Defence suffered damage to her masts and rigging but only 34 casualties, and anchored after the battle to ride out the storm. Berwick was wrecked during the gale but San Ildefonso was successfully brought into Gibraltar.
Defence returned to England for repairs at Portsmouth, and was wrecked on the coast off Jutland on the 24th January, 1811 when there were only five survivors. Captain Hope had by then gone on to command other ships including HMS Victory, and was promoted to Rear Admiral.

George HopeSon of Hon. Charles Hope-Vere by his third wife, Helen, daughter of George Dunbar, and was grandson of Charles, 1st Earl of Hopetown. He was born in 1767, and entered the service in 1782. He commanded the Defence, in the Battle of Trafalgar, 1805, and was much distinguished – received the gold medal, the thanks of Parliament, and a sword of honour from the Patriotic Fund. He was for some time MP for East Grinstead in Sussex, and was appointed a Major-General in the Royal Marines in 1818. He died at the Admiralty in 1818, and was buried at Westminster Abbey.

Details of the rank of Able Seaman:
An Able Seaman would be the more experienced seaman who would be skilled in handling the sails and rigging and might be expected to take the helm. Some young gentlemen were carried as AB if the ship already had its designated quota of Midshipmen. It was not unknown for an AB to be 'disrated' to Ordinary. At the time of the Battle an AB received £1 8s 0d per lunar month.
 HMS Defence.

 The Trafalgar MEDAL.


Monday, October 24, 2016

The Dowling's at Trafalgar.


James Dowling.
Ship: HMS Euryalus [36 gun frigate].
Rank/Rating: Supernumerary
Service details
Comments: From: Salvador
HMS Euryalus
26 July 1805
Comments: Volunteer
               
John Dowling aged 40 born in Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Ireland.
Ship: HMS Leviathan [74].
Rank/Rating: Landsman [Seaman with less than one year experience].
Ship's pay book number: (SB 1389)
               
Maurice? Dowling aged 18 born in Youghile.
Ship: HMS Conqueror [74].
Rank/Rating: Boy [servant].
Service details
Comments: From: S List no 427
HMS Conqueror
9 September 1804
               
Michael Dowling aged 18 born in Roberts Town, Kildare, Ireland.
Ship: HMS Conqueror [74].
Rank/Rating: Boy [servant].
Service details
Comments: From: S List no 410
HMS Conqueror
27 August 1804
               
Michael Dowling aged 42 born in County Westmeath, Ireland.
Ship: HMS Mars [74].
Rank/Rating: Landsman [Seaman with less than one year experience].
Ship's pay book number: (SB 404)
               
Morgan Dowling aged 33 born in Dublin, Ireland.
Ship: HMS Defiance [74].
Rank/Rating: Quartermaster [Helmsman on board the ship serving watch at the ship's wheel].
Ship's pay book number: (SB 146)
               
Thomas Dowling aged 26 born in Dublin, Ireland.
Ship: HMS Thunderer [74].
Rank/Rating: Able Seaman [Seaman with more than three years experience].
Service details
Comments: From: Renown
HMS Thunderer
Ship's pay book number: (SB 266)
29 May 1805 to 11 June 1805
Rank/rating: Ordinary Seaman [Seaman with at least one year experience].
12 June 1805



Friday, October 21, 2016


Also today is Trafalgar day.

Just sorting a few drinks out for tonight.  Have to have a bottle of Hardy's - kismet !!!


And getting the table set.


There were 7 Dowling's [on 6 ships] and 1 Leeson at Trafalgar.


The Waterloo Dinner 2015.  
Held in Sapcote for the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo.

The dinner was started with a demonstration of Sabrage..........

The Regimental silver was polished up,

There was also a very basic wargame for the Gentlemen who by then had had far to much to eat and drink.


Talking of drinking !!!

Photo by JPL.


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